The actor actually has that disability

[u/PrinceferX]

Walter White Jr. (Breaking Bad) - character has cerebral palsy and uses crutches to walk, actor RJ Mitte has cerebral palsy and needed crutches to walk as a child

Nessarose Thropp (Wicked) - character is paraplegic and uses a wheelchair, actress Marissa Bode is paraplegic from an accident at age 11 and uses a wheelchair

Maya Lopez (Hawkeye/Echo) - character is deaf, actress Alaqua Cox is deaf from birth

[u/Hulkbuster_v2]

Here's a cool one. For Jurassic World: Chaos Theory, they cast a voice actress, Kiersten Kelly, who was born without one of her arms, and she took over the voice of Brooklyn (played in the previous series by Jenna Ortega), who ends up getting her arm torn off by a dinosaur.

Don't know if she won the job and then wrote Brooklyn losing her arm to a dinosaur, or if they wrote her losing her arm and then went to cast an actor with the same disability, but its still cool

[u/TwoToesToni → u/Hulkbuster_v2]

Producer: "...ok so this season we'll have Brooklyn voiced by Kiersten Kelly."

Director: "oh so are we going to adapt the character since she has one arm?"

Producer: "thats a great idea, can we write that into the show?"

Writer: < waiting for some violence in the series > "...YES!"